Europe is the site par excellence of the confrontation between radical Islamism and liberal democracy. Europe’s failure to integrate its Muslim inhabitants creates a permanent threat of violence and radicalization. Francis Fukuyama suggests that the solution should lie in the prevalence of liberal values over divergent values within migrant communities. It is also necessary for the European states to begin using a broader definition of their national identity; the United States can serve as an example here.

Nexus Lecture 2005: The Future of Democracy, Culture and Immigration